Einstein May Never Have Used Flashcards, But He Probably Built Forts!

This is a fascinating article on how important play truly is to children. Actually, it makes me feel good as a mother because I let them take apart the couch cushions, and build forts. Here's to messy houses and happy kids!

It is loosely edited from the original  article, found at www.gse.harvard.edu/news_events/ed/2007/spring/features/einstein.html

by Lory Houghhttp - an alum who is part of a growing movement to bring play back into the lives of children

In some ways, this headline is almost funny, the idea of a young Einstein, wild hair flying, throwing his mother’s quilt over a couple of chairs and crawling underneath. But, a headline like this is not a joke. We’re a busy-by-design society that’s become so concerned with turning kids into baby Einsteins that something critical to childhood is fast becoming extinct: free play. Drive around American cities and towns to see for yourself; there are very few kids outside.

Beyond the obvious — play helps kids stay in shape — it also promotes creativity and teaches skills such as negotiating and how to be around others. Play takes many forms. It may be best defined from within as a spontaneous human expression that relies on imagination and a sense of freedom. Players invent alternative contexts for conversation, visualization, movement, and interaction with real objects. They discover release and engagement, stimulation, and peace. Although play can arise anywhere, even in a cement cell, children are naturally beckoned by the living world to enjoy perception and the sensations of being alive.

Headlines calling for more play and less structure are endless. There are also a small but growing number of child development experts, medical researchers, space planners, and other educators focusing on this issue in an attempt to keep play from slipping even further from the lives of children.

It’s probably not a surprise to anyone that one of the biggest factors in the loss of free play has to do with parents being programmed by the ever-expanding “baby educating industry” into thinking that in order to survive in today’s global economy, kids need to be better, brighter, and busier than ever before.
It’s a competitive foot race from the womb, this sense that you’ll miss out. Adults have picked up the pace so quickly. What’s next? What’s next? What’s next?

In an age where we clearly know more about how brains operate and how humans function, parents take parenting seriously. As a 2001 article in The Atlantic Monthly stated, “Your child is the most important extra-credit arts project you will ever undertake.” As a result, by the time these baby wonders reach college, they’ve become goal-oriented, resume-building “organization kids” who “work their laptops to the bone.” What adults need to understand, is that free play isn’t a waste of time — it actually helps children learn. It is clear that young children who explore, investigate, and experiment through play build strong foundations in every important area of development, including intelligence, language, social competence and emotional security.

The child’s capacity to pretend and imagine is not a symptom of immaturity or absence of logic. Rather, it forms the foundation for a more mature mode of thought toward another’s point of view.

To be fair, parents aren’t solely to blame. Gone are the pre-cable TV days when all you got were four or five stations. Today, the lure of satellite and cable TV is strong. (One recent survey found that 69 percent of American kids ages 6 to 14 had TVs in their bedrooms.) Add the Internet, TiVo, and video games and most kids don’t feel the need to play, especially outside. Other factors include sprawl, which has taken away the woods and open areas in many neighborhoods. Fear of violence also means many parents no longer open the back door on a nice day and tell their kids to come home when it gets dark. (In the last 25 years, the average “home range” for suburban kids, in fact, shrank from one mile to less than 550 yards.) Working parents are also crunched for free time.

Parents are working longer hours so children aren’t getting the outdoor time. Even if there are outdoor sports, it’s not the same as that deep connection to the earth. It’s not about the outdoor world.

This connection to the earth is critical. Play can certainly happen indoors — young Einstein building the fort out of his mother’s quilt, for instance — but outdoor memories are what really stick. Research has shown that outdoor play takes a far bigger role in people’s memory than indoor play time, even if hours outside are fewer than those within. This is especially relevant today: kids are shuttled back and forth all day in cars. So often they don’t travel on foot. They’re driven everywhere in SUVs.

According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Kids Walk-to-School: Then and Now — Barrier and Solutions, 42 percent of children ages 5 to 18 walked or bicycled to school in 1969. By 2001, the number dropped to 16 percent. Reasons cited include families living further from schools that are increasingly being built on large parcels on the outskirts of town, traffic concerns, and the fear of crime. No one wants to have their kids shot or kidnapped, but that’s actually a declining risk in the last decade. Still, kids spend too much time now indoors, especially at school.

In fact, some schools nationwide are doing away with recess altogether. According to the National Association of Early Childhood Specialists in State Departments of Education, more than 40 percent of elementary schools nationwide have reduced, eliminated, or are in the process of eliminating recess
from the school day.

What started as a survival skill — building shelters and going out into the world — doesn’t exist anymore. Everything we do now is many times removed from the natural world. That’s why some kids say they’d rather be indoors where the [power] outlets are. It shows the atrophy of adults who don’t know how to enjoy time or the outdoors, especially with children.

For some kids, their only outdoor time is spent at local playgrounds, austere concrete and plastic gyms. Usually there’s a climbing object and a swing, all on a flat surface. The problem is that this kind of space only develops gross motor skills like balance and coordination. It does little for creativity and sensory exploration.

This focus on the physical goes back a long way. When freestanding playgrounds were first created in the late 1880s, one of the beliefs was that physical activity, especially muscle control, had a moral dimension that would create better citizens. Eventually playgrounds got dulled down even more as safety concerns grew. In 1999, 156,000 children were treated in hospital emergency rooms because of public playground-related injuries, according to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Add to this a lawsuit-crazy culture and public playground design has become an exercise in restraint and caution.

Of course, not all cities and towns are doing away with recess, and some are starting to understand the importance of free play. Even New York City, a haven of traditional playgrounds, is creating new “playscapes” that encourage exploration and imagination. Based on child development theories, the new spaces will include trained “play workers,” water features, ramps, and open-ended objects.

Play is not an option for kids; play is how children learn to build community, how they learn to work with other people; it’s how they learn to kind of engage their sense of creativity. Think of imagination as important a muscle as running.

Think about what motivates children to find secret hiding spaces, “just for me” places. There’s an unforgettable thrill of being apart from the rest of the world.  It can be modest — hiding in a cupboard or under a chair — but that capacity to be able to look out and not be seen is very powerful.

What's concerns is that when you take away the choice — you give a child a toy with a single monologue that’s pulled by a string — you take away imagination.

As we continue to lose this sense of imagination and space, and along with it, free play, it’s a downward spiral for children, documented by research: a rise in stress, diabetes, and obesity, for starters. Children also lose an appreciation for the environment and the opportunity to “find their niche.

In our highly programmed, commercial world, down time and away space slip away. Children need the space and time every day to do nothing, so that who they are can grow.